出处:
在上一篇中，我简单介绍了下，有人希望能有个性能上的测试，考虑到有那么多的IOC框架，而主流的有：Castle Windsor、微软企业库中的Unity、Spring.NET、StructureMap、Ninject等等。本篇文章主要针对这些IOC框架编写测试程序。
Autofac下载地址：
Castle Windsor下载地址：
Unity下载地址：
Spring.NET下载地址：
StructureMap下载地址：
Ninject下载地址：
其中，测试程序均采用最新的类库。
基础工作
1、程序还是引用的示例作为测试背景。
2、编写一个性能计数器，这里我采用老赵写的一个CodeTimer的类，具体介绍见：
使用方式类似于：
int iteration = 100 * 1000 ; string s = "" ; CodeTimer.Time( " String Concat " , iteration, () => { s += " a " ; }); StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(); CodeTimer.Time( " StringBuilder " , iteration, () => { sb.Append( " a " ); });
3、编写一个IRunner运行接口：
public interface IRunner { void Start(RunType runType); }
以及RunnerBase抽象基础运行类：
public abstract class RunnerBase { private int _iteration = Convert.ToInt32(System.Configuration.ConfigurationSettings.AppSettings[ " Iteration " ] ?? " 10000 " ); internal int Iteration { get { return _iteration; } } internal void Time(Action action) { CodeTimer.Time(Name, Iteration, action); } protected abstract string Name { get ; } }
这里_iteration表示测试运行次数，通过配置文件来设置值。Time方法通过计数器对action方法进行Iteration次迭代。
编写一个RunManager的运行管理器：
public class RunManager { public static void Start(IRunner runner) { Start(runner, RunType.Transient); } public static void Start(IRunner runner, RunType runType) { runner.Start(runType); } }
在测试中，我采用两种方式的性能比较，一个是单例状态，一个是非单例状态：
/// <summary> /// 运行状态 /// </summary> public enum RunType { /// <summary> /// 单例 /// </summary> Singleton, /// <summary> /// 瞬时 /// </summary> Transient }
好了，现在我的程序只要继承RunnerBase以及IRunnre接口，就可以实现各个IOC框架的初始化装配的工作了。基础工作已经做好。
各个IOC框架测试程序
1、Autofac：
public class AutofacRunner : RunnerBase, IRunner { protected override string Name { get { return " Autofac " ; } } public void Start(RunType runType) { var builder = new ContainerBuilder(); // if (runType == RunType.Singleton) // builder.RegisterType<DatabaseManager>().SingleInstance(); // else // builder.RegisterType<DatabaseManager>(); // builder.RegisterType<SqlDatabase>().As<IDatabase>(); /// /builder.RegisterModule(new ConfigurationSettingsReader("autofac")); builder.RegisterType < SqlDatabase > ().As < IDatabase > (); if (runType == RunType.Singleton) builder.Register(c => new DatabaseManager(c.Resolve < IDatabase > ())).SingleInstance(); else builder.Register(c => new DatabaseManager(c.Resolve < IDatabase > ())); var container = builder.Build(); Time(() => { var manager = container.Resolve < DatabaseManager > (); manager.Search( " SELECT * FROM USER " ); }); container.Dispose(); } }
2、Castle Windsor：
public class WindsorRunner : RunnerBase, IRunner { protected override string Name { get { return " Castle Windsor " ; } } public void Start(RunType runType) { var container = new WindsorContainer(); if (runType == RunType.Singleton) container.Register(Component.For( typeof (DatabaseManager)).LifeStyle.Singleton); else container.Register(Component.For( typeof (DatabaseManager)).LifeStyle.Transient); container.Register(Component.For( typeof (IDatabase)).ImplementedBy( typeof (SqlDatabase))); Time(() => { var manager = container.Resolve < DatabaseManager > (); manager.Search( " SELECT * FROM USER " ); }); } }
3、Unity：
public class UnityRunner : RunnerBase, IRunner { protected override string Name { get { return " Unity " ; } } public void Start(RunType runType) { var container = new UnityContainer(); if (runType == RunType.Singleton) container.RegisterType < DatabaseManager > ( new ContainerControlledLifetimeManager()); else container.RegisterType < DatabaseManager > ( new TransientLifetimeManager()); container.RegisterType < IDatabase, SqlDatabase > (); Time(() => { var manager = container.Resolve < DatabaseManager > (); manager.Search( " SELECT * FROM USER " ); }); } }
4、Spring.NET：
public class SpringRunner : RunnerBase, IRunner { protected override string Name { get { return " Spring.NET " ; } } public void Start(RunType runType) { string databaseManagerName; if (runType == RunType.Singleton) databaseManagerName = " DatabaseManager_Singleton " ; else databaseManagerName = " DatabaseManager_Transient " ; Time(() => { IApplicationContext context = ContextRegistry.GetContext(); var manager = (DatabaseManager)context.GetObject(databaseManagerName); manager.Search( " SELECT * FROM USER " ); }); } }
5、StructureMap：
public class StructureMapRunner : RunnerBase, IRunner { protected override string Name { get { return " StructureMap " ; } } public void Start(RunType runType) { ObjectFactory.Initialize(container => { if (runType == RunType.Singleton) container.ForRequestedType < DatabaseManager > ().Singleton(); else container.ForRequestedType < DatabaseManager > (); container.ForRequestedType < IDatabase > ().TheDefaultIsConcreteType < SqlDatabase > (); }); Time(() => { var manager = ObjectFactory.GetInstance < DatabaseManager > (); manager.Search( " SELECT * FROM USER " ); }); } }
6、Ninject：
public class NinjectRunner : RunnerBase, IRunner { protected override string Name { get { return " Ninject " ; } } public void Start(RunType runType) { IKernel kernel = new StandardKernel( new MyNinjectModule(runType)); Time(() => { var manager = kernel.Get < DatabaseManager > (); manager.Search( " SELECT * FROM USER " ); }); } }
客户端测试程序
static void Main( string [] args) { CodeTimer.Initialize(); Console.WriteLine( " IOC - Singleton " ); // Autofac Singleton RunManager.Start( new AutofacRunner(), RunType.Singleton); // Castle Windsor RunManager.Start( new WindsorRunner(), RunType.Singleton); // Unity RunManager.Start( new UnityRunner(), RunType.Singleton); // Spring.NET RunManager.Start( new SpringRunner(), RunType.Singleton); // StructureMap RunManager.Start( new StructureMapRunner(), RunType.Singleton); // Ninject RunManager.Start( new NinjectRunner(), RunType.Singleton); Console.WriteLine( " =================================== " ); Console.WriteLine( " IOC - Transient " ); // Autofac Singleton RunManager.Start( new AutofacRunner(), RunType.Transient); // Castle Windsor RunManager.Start( new WindsorRunner(), RunType.Transient); // Unity RunManager.Start( new UnityRunner(), RunType.Transient); // Spring.NET RunManager.Start( new SpringRunner(), RunType.Transient); // StructureMap RunManager.Start( new StructureMapRunner(), RunType.Transient); // Ninject RunManager.Start( new NinjectRunner(), RunType.Transient); Console.ReadKey(); }
通过修改App.config的Iteration配置值，来设置迭代次数。
< appSettings > < add key ="Iteration" value ="100000" /> </ appSettings >
运行结果
1、Iteration=1000：
分析：在千数量级时，Autofac，CastleWindsor、StructureMap基本差不多，效率上比其他的要高。
2、Iteration=10000：
分析：在万数量级时，Autofac，CastleWindsor，StructureMap基本效率还是差不多，其中StructureMap效率稍稍有些下降；Spring.NET以及Ninject的性能比较低。
3、Iteration=100000：
分析：在十万数量级时，CastleWindsor的效率开始下降，而在Transient方面，StructureMap和Autofac基本差不多。
4、Iteration=1000000：
分析：在百万数量级时，Autofac和StructureMap两者还是保持比较高的效率，并且在Transient方面，StructureMap已经超过了Autofac。
总结：从测试中，可以看出Autofac和StructureMap在性能上面还是体现出比较大的优势，Ninject可以说性能上较低。而Spring.NET不仅仅专注于IOC方面，它还专注于其他方方面面的功能，所以在IOC方面的性能不是太高。另外，微软的Unity中规中矩，性能较为稳定，也是一个不错的选择。另外，可能测试程序会有所偏差，希望大家也能够指出问题！